ANALYSIS OF IQBAL'S POETRY FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF INDIAN CIVILIZATION

Every artist reflects the culture and civilization in which he reaches the age of consciousness, in his writings. In Allama Iqbal's poetry, glimpses of the different nations living in India and the civilization born from their cooperation are seen consciously and unconsciously, sometimes he creates religious characters to express it, and sometimes he describes the social style and philosophy of the people living in his surroundings by using poetic figures. The beauty of his poetry is that he takes care of all the aspects related to a specific culture. He has also described this cultural diversity in his style of expression and choice of poetic vocabulary; thus, his poetry emerges as a representative of Indian civilization and culture. In this paper, Allama Iqbal's poetry has been examined in the background of Indian culture and civilization

Digital Watermarking for Images Security using Discrete Slantlet Transform

Abstract: This paper presents digital images watermarking approach to sustain the ownership and true authentication. To secure intellectual belongings of images, audio and videos, watermark W is converted into a sequence of bits and in order to encrypt the watermark, sequence of size R is selected randomly. Additionally, a pseudo random number is generated to calculate pixels for selection key generation. Finally, 2-level discrete slanlet transform (DST) on the host image is applied to divide it into Red, Green and Blue channels. The results thus produced from proposed methodology exhibit robustness against the existing state of the art. Further, proposed approach effectively extract watermark in the absence of the original images

عبدالکریم ثمر کی شاعری میں اسلامی فکر کا مطالعہ

Abdul Karim Samar was an active member of Tehreek-e-Pakistan and a strong advocate of Islamic literature. He was deeply influenced by Allama Iqbal's thought and Islamic ideology. He highlighted Islamic thought in both genres of poetry and prose after the establishment of Pakistan. In his poetry we find the ideological basis of Islam as well as the message of living our lives according to the principles taught by Islam by taking advantage of the blessed life of the Holy Prophet. In his poetry, movement and action are found in the subject of hope and expansion. He used his creative talents to create constructive literature after his affiliation with the Islamic Literature Movement. We find a clear expression of this in his poetry collection Loh-o-qlam, Shakh-e-Sidra and in Shair-o-Ilham

An Efficient Key Distribution Scheme for Heterogeneous Sensor Networks ABSTRACT

Key distribution refers to the problem of establishing shared secrets on sensor nodes such that secret symmetric keys for communication privacy, integrity and authenticity can be generated. In a wireless sensor network, pre-distribution of secret keys is possibly the most practical approach to protect network communications but it is difficult due to the ad hoc nature, intermittent connectivity, and resource limitations of the sensor networks. In this paper, we propose a key distribution scheme based on random key pre-distribution for heterogeneous sensor network (HSN) to achieve better performance and security as compared to homogeneous network which suffer from high communication overhead, computation overhead, and/or high storage requirements. In a key generation process, instead of generating a large pool of random keys, a key pool is represented by a small number of generation keys. For a given generation key and publicly known seed value, a one-way hash function generates a key chain, and these key chains collectively make a key pool. Each sensor node is assigned a small number of randomly selected generation keys. The proposed scheme reduces the storage requirements while maintaining the same security strength

Leveraging ICN and SDN for Future Internet Architecture: A Survey

Information-Centric Networking (ICN) and Software-Defined Networking (SDN) are both new evolving network architectures that are receiving a lot of attention from researchers. ICN is a Future Internet architecture which tries to transform the current Internet architecture from location- and host-centric to content-centric, where obtaining requested data is achieved by the contents’ names regardless of the location of the data. From another angle, SDN is considered a new Internet architecture that moves the control plane management from network devices to a centralized controller. The SDN controller enhances network robustness and improves its scalability, reliability, and flexibility. The integration of ICN and SDN results in massive benefits, where SDN enhances ICN networks’ manageability, controllability, and functionality, and ICN reshapes the SDN design to make it compatible with ICN features and to enhance ICN in terms of network caching, routing, mobility, and security.. In this review paper, a comprehensive survey of the issues and challenges of integrating ICN and SDN is presented. Firstly, ICN’s main characteristics are summarized, and a short comparison between different ICN architectures is completed. Then, the key details of SDN are highlighted. Moreover, the motivation and benefits of merging ICN with SDN are summarized and the state-of-the-art work on merging ICN and SDN is reviewed and classified from several aspects. Finally, several open research issues are highlighted

Digital Watermarking for Images Security using Discrete Slantlet Transform

This paper presents digital images watermarking approach to sustain the ownership and true authentication. To secure intellectual belongings of images, audio and videos, watermark W is converted into a sequence of bits and in order to encrypt the watermark, sequence of size R is selected randomly. Additionally, a pseudo random number is generated to calculate pixels for selection key generation. Finally, 2-level discrete slanlet transform (DST) on the host image is applied to divide it into Red, Green and Blue channels. The results thus produced from proposed methodology exhibit robustness against the existing state of the art. Further, proposed approach effectively extract watermark in the absence of the original images

Emotional and behavioral problems and coping strategies among adolescent orphans

Background and objective: Rising incidence of mental health problems is a serious issue all over the world. Adolescents living in orphanages are at a particular risk as they have numerous challenges in their life and coping with them requires adequate life skills. This study aims to assess the emotional and behavioral issues and the coping strategies adopted by adolescent orphans in Pakistan.Methods: This cross-sectional study comprises 109 adolescent orphans living in different orphanages. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire for evaluating the emotional and behavioral problems (EBPs) was used while KIDCOPE scale was adopted to assess the coping strategies.Results: About 34.9% of orphans fell in an abnormal range of EBP and 22.9% were in the borderline zone. The most prevalent problem was conduct (25.7%) followed by peer problems (24.8%), emotional instability (18.3%), hyperactivity (17.4%), and prosocial behavior (11%). A significant and positive correlation was observed between peer problems and maladaptive strategies (r = 0.191, p = 0.047) and between prosocial behavior and adaptive strategies (r = 0.294, p = 0.002).Conclusion: Orphans residing in orphanages suffer from behavioral and emotional problems and are using maladaptive coping strategies. It is highly suggestive to monitor and maintain an optimal psychological health of this vulnerable population in our country.&nbsp;</p